Evaluation and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetes is a common disease and of the many long-term consequences diabetic foot ulcer is one and if not treated on time can lead to gangrene, amputation of toes, or foot.

People with diabetes are at risk of foot ulcers, which have multiple causes. Some factors can increase the risk of foot ulcers, including poorly fitted shoes, poor hygiene (not washing regularly or thoroughly), improper trimming of toenails, alcohol consumption, eye and heart diseases, kidney problems, obesity, and tobacco use. 

A person suffering from diabetic foot ulcer will experience pain in foot due to infections or sprain. There will be numbness and swelling in the feet and pus collection or blackish discolouration indicating gangrene of toes. Sugar laden tissue, blood vessel involvement and peripheral nerve involvement are the causes of diabetic foot ulcer. Routine blood investigations, wound swab, X-ray, and MRI are done to assess the extent and depth of infection.

Diabetic foot ulcer management includes:

• Optimal sugar control by medicines or insulin injections and monitoring blood sugars regularly.

• Effective local wound care by thorough cleaning, debridement, and dressings.

• Infection control by repeated pus cultures and giving appropriate antibiotics.

• Pressure relieving strategy by special soles, boots, and sandals.

• Restoring blood flow.

Diabetic foot ulcers can be prevented by keeping sugars under control, wearing appropriate foot wear and daily inspection of both feet. Regular follow up with doctor is a must.

Management of diabetic foot

• Optimal blood sugar control

• Effective local wound care

• Infection control

• Pressure relieving strategy

• Restoring pulsatile blood flow

Source : Times Of Oman